Albumin Globulin Ratio
Calculate your albumin-globulin ratio from albumin and total protein blood test values. Free A/G ratio calculator with protein breakdown, charts, and health interpretation.
About This Calculator
The albumin-globulin (A/G) ratio calculator helps assess the balance of two major proteins in your blood: albumin and globulin. This ratio is a valuable marker used by healthcare providers to evaluate liver and kidney function, nutritional status, and to screen for certain medical conditions including chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and multiple myeloma.
The A/G ratio is calculated using the formula: A/G Ratio = Albumin / (Total Protein – Albumin). Globulin is derived by subtracting the albumin level from the total protein level. Both values are measured in grams per deciliter (g/dL) from a standard blood sample. The normal A/G ratio typically falls between 1.0 and 2.5, though reference ranges vary by laboratory.
Albumin is the most abundant protein in human blood plasma, making up about 55–65% of total protein. It binds to hormones, vitamins, and drugs, and helps maintain oncotic pressure. Globulins include alpha, beta, and gamma globulins — the latter are antibodies produced by the immune system. An imbalance in the A/G ratio can signal underlying health issues that require further investigation.
Who should use this calculator? Anyone who has received a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) or total protein blood test and wants to understand their A/G ratio. Patients monitoring liver conditions (cirrhosis, hepatitis), kidney disease (nephrotic syndrome), or inflammatory conditions can track changes over time.
Regional Notes: Albumin and total protein reference ranges are standardized globally, though slight variations exist between laboratories in India, the US, and the UK. In India, typical albumin range is 3.5–5.0 g/dL. In the US, the typical range is 3.5–5.2 g/dL. In the UK, the typical range is 35–50 g/L (3.5–5.0 g/dL). Results should always be interpreted using the reference range provided by your specific laboratory.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the albumin-globulin (A/G) ratio?
The albumin-globulin (A/G) ratio compares the levels of albumin and globulin, two major proteins in your blood. Albumin is the most abundant protein, responsible for maintaining oncotic pressure and transporting substances. Globulins include antibodies and enzymes produced by the liver and immune system. The ratio is calculated as albumin divided by globulin (total protein minus albumin).
What is a normal A/G ratio?
Normal A/G ratio ranges vary by laboratory, but typical reference ranges include 1.0–2.2, 1.0–2.5, or 1.1–2.5. A ratio of 1.0 or less is generally considered low, while values above 2.5 are considered high. Always consult your laboratory's specific reference range included with your blood test results.
What does a low A/G ratio mean?
A low A/G ratio (below 1.0) may indicate liver disease (impaired albumin production), kidney disease such as nephrotic syndrome (albumin loss in urine), chronic inflammation or infection (overproduction of globulins), autoimmune disorders, or multiple myeloma (excessive antibody production). Further testing is needed to determine the underlying cause.
What does a high A/G ratio mean?
A high A/G ratio (above 2.5) may indicate dehydration (concentrated albumin levels), leukemia (impaired globulin production), immunodeficiency disorders including HIV/AIDS, or certain drug interactions. A healthcare provider should evaluate elevated ratios in the context of other clinical findings.
How is the A/G ratio calculated?
The A/G ratio is calculated using the formula: A/G Ratio = Albumin / (Total Protein - Albumin). Both albumin and total protein are measured in g/dL from a blood sample. Globulin is derived by subtracting albumin from total protein, then albumin is divided by this globulin value.
What blood test includes the A/G ratio?
The A/G ratio is typically reported as part of a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) or a total protein and albumin blood test. These tests are commonly ordered during routine health checkups, pre-surgical evaluation, or when investigating symptoms of liver or kidney disease.
Can I use this calculator instead of seeing a doctor?
No. This calculator is for educational and reference purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider to interpret your blood test results in the context of your overall health.
What is the normal range for albumin and total protein?
Normal albumin levels range from 3.5 to 5.2 g/dL. Normal total protein levels range from 6.0 to 8.3 g/dL. Normal globulin levels (calculated as total protein minus albumin) range from 2.0 to 3.5 g/dL. Reference ranges may vary between laboratories and by age, sex, and other factors.